Who in Michigan can resist a good Sherwood v Walker rumination? (Reminder: this Michigan case involved the contract to sell the supposedly barren cow, Rose of Aberlone. The Michigan Supreme Court allowed the contract to be rescinded on the basis of the parties' "mutual mistake" about her barrenness.) Usha Rodrigues at Conglomerate Blog likes teaching the case because it illustrates that most market transactions are premised on a mistake -- "sellers think the buyer is paying too much (caveat emptor), and buyers think the seller is charging too little (caveat vendor)." What prompts her to write about Sherwood now is the Dow's almost 1,000 drop on May 6 and the fact that, according to James B. Stewart writing in the Wall Street Journal, "Nasdaq alone canceled more than 10,000 trades involving at least 1.4 million shares." "On what grounds?, Rodrigues asks, and answers, "mutual mistake." Rodrigues wonders how the risk should be allocated, and so does Stewart:
If the trades resulted from sophisticated algorithms that failed to take into account the possibility of such volatile trading conditions, do those investors deserve to be bailed out by having the trades unwound? Should MIT-trained engineers turned professional traders be protected from their lack of foresight? Conversely, should those traders who devised programs to take advantage of such a free fall be denied their profits?
In pursuit of the answer, Rodrigues called NASDAQ, where she turned up the Clearly Erroneous Transactions Policy, "which in turn refers to Rule 11890, which predictably enough gives Nasdaq the power to unwind transactions if it thinks 'extraordinary market conditions or other circumstances in which the nullification or modification of transactions may be necessary for the maintenance of a fair and orderly market or the protection of investors and the public interest' have occurred. Although NASDAQ has reserved the power to nullify transactions in the underlying contract, Rodrigues still wants to know who should bear the risk of clearly erroneous transactions. She concludes that somehow "Aunt Marge in Omaha who mistakenly buys P&G at $400/share seems a lot more sympathetic than Derek the Flash Trader whose formula failed."
Indeed.
Albert Pinkham Ryder, Evening Glow, The Old Red Cow, ca 1870